This ancient monument was discovered by the Rev. F. Klein in 1868 at Diban (the Dibon of the Old Testament) in Moab.

   The inscription consists of thirty-four lines (the last two being undecipherable), and was written by Mesha king of Moab to commemorate his successful revolt from the yoke of Israel, recorded in 2Kings 1:1 and chapter 3; and to honor his god Chemosh, to whom he ascribed his successes.

   The writing is in the ancient Hebrew characters, which continued in use down to quite 140, 139 B.C., but was gradually replaced by the modern square Hebrew characters which are in use to-day.

   The inscription is proved to be genuine by the Bible account, the two throwing light on each other. See the notes on 2Kings 3.

   The following translation, by Dr. Neubauer, is taken from Records of the Past (New Series), Vol. II, pp. 200, etc.:

1. "I, Mesha son of Chemosh-Melech king of Moab, the Di-
2. bonite. My father reigned over Moab thirty years and I reign-
3. ed after my father. I made this monument to Chemosh at Korkhah. A monument of sal-
4. vation, for he saved me from all invaders, and let me see my desire upon all my enemies. Om-
5. ri [was] king of Israel, and he oppressed Moab many days, for Chemosh was angry with his
6. land. His son followed him, and he also said: I will oppress Moab. In my days Che[mosh] said;
7. I will see my desire on him and his house. And Israel surely perished for ever. Omri took the land of
8. Medeba ¹ and [Israel] dwelt in it during his days and half the days of his son ,², altogether forty years. But there dwelt in it
9. Chemosh in my days. I built Baal-Meon ³ and made therein the ditches; I built
10. Kirjathaim ⁴. The men of Gad dwelt in the land of Ataroth ⁵ from of old, and built there the king of
11. Israel Ataroth; and I made war against the town and seized it. And I slew all the [people of]
12. the town, for the pleasure of Chemosh and Moab: I captured from thence the Arel ⁶ of Dodah and tore
13. him before Chemosh in Kerioth ⁷: And I placed therein the men of Sh(a)r(o)n, and the men
14. of M(e)kh(e)rth. And Chemosh said to me: Go, seize Nebo ⁸ upon Israel; and
15. I went in the night and fought against it from the break of dawn till noon: and I took
16. it, and slew all, 7,000 men, [boys?], women, [girls?]
17. and female slaves, for to Ashtar-Chemosh I devoted them. And I took from it the Arels ⁶ of Yahveh, and tore them before Chemosh. And the king of Israel built
18. Jahaz ⁹, and dwelt in it, while he waged war against me; Chemosh drove him out before me. And
19. I took from Moab 200 men, all chiefs, and transported them to Jahaz, which I took,
20. to add to it Dibon. I built Korkhah, the wall of the forests and the wall
21. of the citadel: I built its gates, and I built its towers. And
22. I built the house of Moloch, and I made sluices of the water-ditches in the middle
23. of the town. And there was no cistern in the middle of the town of Korkhah, and I said to all the people, Make for
24. yourselves every man a cistern in his house. And I dug the canals for Korkhah by means of the prisoners
25. of Israel. I built Aroer ¹⁰, and I made the road in [the province of] the Arnon. [And]
26. I built Beth-Bamoth ¹¹, for it was destroyed. I built Bezer ¹², for in ruins
27. [it was. And all the chiefs] of Dibon were 50, for all Dibon is subject; and I placed
28. one hundred [chiefs] in the towns which I added to the land: I built
29. Beth-Medeba and Beth-diblathaim ¹³, and Beth-Baal-Meon ¹⁴, and transported thereto the [shepherds]?...
30. and the [pastors] of the flocks of the land. And at Horonaim ¹⁵ dwelt there
31. ...And Chemosh said to me, Go down, make war upon Horonaim. I went down [and made war]
32. ...And Chemosh dwelt in it during my days. I went up from thence..."

² "son" = successor.

³ Now, Tell M'ain, Numbers 32:38. Joshua 13:17.

⁴ Numbers 32:37. Joshua 13:19.

⁵ Numbers 32:3. Joshua 16:2.

⁶ Arel, two lions, or, lion-like men (?) Compare 2Samuel 23:20.

⁷ Now, Khan el Kureitin (?); Jeremiah 48:24. Amos 2:2.

⁸ Numbers 32:3, 38. Isaiah 15:2.

⁹ Isaiah 15:4.

¹⁰ Now, 'Ar'air, Deuteronomy 2:36; 3:12; 4:48.

¹¹ Numbers 21:19. Isaiah 15:2. (Authorized Version "high places"), compare Joshua 13:17.

¹² Deuteronomy 4:43.

¹³ Jeremiah 48:22.

¹⁴ Joshua 13:17. Jeremiah 48:23.

¹⁵ Isaiah 15:5. Jeremiah 48:3, 5, 34.